Inflatable Halloween Costume Fat Baby With Diaper and Head Bonnet

Halloween Hallowe'en
Jack-o'-lantern
Also called	All Hallows Eve All Saints' Eve
Observed by	Numerous Western countries (come across article)
Type	Secular with roots in Christianity and Paganism
Date	October 31
Celebrations	Varies past region but includes play a trick on-or-treating, ghost tours, apple tree bobbing, costume parties, carving jack-o'-lanterns
Related to	Samhain, All Saints Mean solar day

Halloween (or Hallowe'en) is a vacation celebrated on October 31, specially in the United States where it has been heavily commercialized. It has roots in the Celtic festival of Samhain and the Christian holy 24-hour interval of All Saints. Every bit a result it is considered a time when the barrier between the physical realm and the spirit world is open, allowing the spirits of the dead to come to earth, peradventure causing problems for the living.

The twenty-four hour period is often associated with the colors orangish and blackness, and is strongly associated with symbols such every bit the jack-o'-lantern. Halloween activities include play a trick on-or-treating, ghost tours, bonfires, costume parties, visiting haunted attractions, carving pumpkins, reading scary stories, and watching horror movies.

Contents

• i Origins
  • 1.1 Etymology
• ii Symbols
• 3 Activities
  • iii.1 Trick-or-treating and guising
  • 3.2 Games
  • 3.three Foods
  • three.4 Haunted attractions
• 4 Commercialization
• 5 Religious perspectives
• half-dozen Halloween around the world
  • 6.1 United Kingdom
    • 6.1.1 England
    • 6.1.two Ireland
    • half-dozen.i.3 Scotland
    • 6.ane.iv Wales
    • half-dozen.1.5 Isle of Man
  • 6.two European Continent
    • 6.2.i Denmark
    • 6.ii.2 Italy
    • 6.two.3 The Netherlands
    • six.two.4 Sweden
  • 6.3 Other regions
    • vi.three.i Carribean
    • half-dozen.iii.ii Mexico
• 7 Notes
• 8 References
• ix Credits

For some Christians and Pagans the religious origins of the holiday are cause for business organization. For most, though, the holiday is an opportunity for children to bask dressing up in costumes and obtaining large amounts of free processed from their neighbors. When this is done safely information technology promotes a closer community involving young and old alike with opportunities to express creativity and share happiness.

Origins

Halloween has origins in the ancient Celtic festival known as Samhain (Irish pronunciation: [ˈsˠaunʲ].^[1] The festival of Samhain is a celebration of the cease of the harvest flavour in Gaelic civilisation, and is sometimes regarded as the "Celtic New year."

The Celts believed that on October 31, now known as Halloween, the boundary betwixt the living and the dead dissolved, and the deceased become dangerous for the living, causing issues such as sickness or damaged crops. Festivals frequently involved bonfires, into which the basic of slaughtered livestock were thrown. Costumes and masks were as well worn at the festivals in an attempt to copy the evil spirits or placate them.

Etymology

The term "Halloween" is shortened from "All Hallows' Even" (both "even" and "eve" are abbreviations of "evening," but "Halloween" gets its "n" from "even") as it is the eve of "All Hallows' Day," which is now also known every bit All Saints' Mean solar day.^[2] It was a day of religious festivities in various northern European Pagan traditions, until Popes Gregory III and Gregory IV moved the old Christian feast of All Saints' Day from May xiii (which had itself been the date of a pagan holiday, the Feast of the Lemures) to November 1. Although All Saints' Day is now considered to occur one solar day after Halloween, in the ninth century the Church building measured the day every bit starting at sunset, in accordance with the Florentine calendar, with the event that the two holidays were, at that fourth dimension, celebrated on the aforementioned day.

Symbols

Jack-o'-lantern carved from a turnip.

On Hallows' eve, the Celts would identify a skeleton on their window sill to represent the departed. Assertive that the caput was the most powerful role of the torso, containing the spirit and its knowledge, the Celts also used the "head" of a vegetable to frighten off any evil spirits that might try to practice damage. Large turnips were hollowed out, carved with faces, and placed in windows to ward off evil spirits.

The "jack-o'-lantern" tin be traced back to the Irish legend of Stingy Jack,^[3] a greedy, gambling, hard-drinking one-time farmer. He tricked the devil into climbing a tree and trapped him by etching a cross into the tree trunk. In revenge, the devil placed a curse on Jack, condemning him to forever wander the globe at nighttime with the only light he had: a candle within of a hollowed turnip.

The etching of pumpkins became associated with Halloween in North America, where pumpkins were not just readily available but much larger, making them easier to carve than turnips. The carved pumpkin was originally associated with harvest fourth dimension in America, and did not become specifically associated with Halloween until the mid-to-tardily nineteenth century.

The imagery surrounding Halloween today is an amalgamation of the Halloween season itself, works of Gothic, and horror literature, nigh a century of work from American filmmakers and graphic artists, and a rather commercialized take on the nighttime and mysterious. Halloween imagery tends to involve death, evil, magic, or mythical monsters. Traditional characters include the Devil, the Grim Reaper, ghosts, ghouls, demons, witches, pumpkin-men, goblins, vampires, werewolves, zombies, mummies, skeletons, black cats, spiders, bats, owls, crows, and vultures.

Activities

Flim-flam-or-treating and guising

Two cousins trick-or-treating on Halloween in Arkansas

"Flim-flam-or-treating" is a custom for children on Halloween. Children proceed in costume from firm to business firm, asking for treats such equally confectionery, or sometimes money, with the question, "Trick or treat?" The "trick" is an idle threat to perform mischief on the homeowners or their property if no treat is given.

In the United States, trick-or-treating is now one of the main traditions of Halloween and it has go socially expected that if 1 lives in a neighborhood with children one should purchase treats in grooming for fox-or-treaters. The tradition has likewise spread to Great britain, Republic of ireland, and other European countries, where similar local traditions have been influenced by the American Halloween customs.

The practice of dressing upwards in costumes and going door to door for treats on holidays dates dorsum to the Eye Ages and includes Christmas wassailing. Trick-or-treating resembles the belatedly medieval practice of souling, when poor folk would go door to door on Hallowmas (Nov one), receiving food in return for prayers for the dead on All Souls Day (November ii). It originated in Ireland and Uk, although like practices for the souls of the dead were found equally far south as Italian republic. Shakespeare mentions the practise in his comedy The Two Gentlemen of Verona (1593), when Speed accuses his master of "puling [whimpering or whining] like a beggar at Hallowmas."^[4]

Withal, there is no bear witness that souling was ever practiced in North America, where play tricks-or-treating may have adult independent of any Irish or British antecedent. There is petty primary documentation of masking or costuming on Halloween—in Ireland, the United kingdom of great britain and northern ireland, or America—earlier 1900. Ruth Edna Kelley, in her 1919 history of the holiday, The Volume of Hallowe'en, makes no mention of ritual begging in the affiliate "Hallowe'en in America."^[5] The thousands of Halloween postcards produced between the turn of the twentieth century and the 1920s ordinarily show children, simply practice non depict play a joke on-or-treating.^[vi]

Halloween did not go a holiday in the United States until the nineteenth century, where lingering Puritan tradition restricted the observance of many holidays. American almanacs of the late-eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries exercise non include Halloween in their lists of holidays. The transatlantic migration of nearly 2 million Irish post-obit the Irish gaelic Potato Famine (1845–1849) finally brought the vacation to the The states. Scottish emigration, primarily to Canada before 1870 and to the United states thereafter, brought the Scottish version of the holiday to each country. Irish-American and Scottish-American societies held dinners and assurance that celebrated their heritages, with perhaps a recitation of Robert Burns' poem "Halloween" or a telling of Irish legends. Dwelling parties centered on children's activities, such equally apple bobbing, and various divination games often apropos hereafter romance. Non surprisingly, pranks and mischief were mutual as well.

The earliest known reference to ritual begging on Halloween in English speaking North America occurs in 1911, when a paper in Kingston, Ontario, nigh the border of upstate New York, reported that it was normal for the smaller children to become street "guising" on Halloween between six:00 and 7:00 P.M., visiting shops and neighbors to be rewarded with nuts and candies for their rhymes and songs.^[seven] Another isolated reference to ritual begging on Halloween appears, place unknown, in 1915, with a 3rd reference in Chicago in 1920.^[8]

The earliest known utilise in print of the term "trick or treat" appears in 1927, from Blackie, Alberta, Canada:

Hallowe'en provided an opportunity for real strenuous fun. No real damage was done except to the temper of some who had to chase for wagon wheels, gates, wagons, barrels, etc., much of which decorated the front end street. The youthful tormentors were at back door and front demanding edible plunder by the word "trick or treat" to which the inmates gladly responded and sent the robbers abroad rejoicing.^[ix]

Trick-or-treating does non seem to have become a widespread practice until the 1930s, with the first U.S. appearances of the term in 1934,^[10] and the first use in a national publication occurring in 1939.^[11] Flim-flam-or-treating spread from the western United states of america east, although it was stalled by sugar rationing that began in Apr 1942 during World War Ii and did not cease until June 1947.

Magazine advertisement in 1962

Early national attention to trick-or-treating was given in October 1947 issues of the children's magazines Jack and Jill and Children's Activities, and by Halloween episodes of the network radio programs The Baby Snooks Evidence in 1946 and The Jack Benny Show and The Adventures of Ozzie and Harriet in 1948.^[12] The custom had get firmly established in popular culture by 1952, when Walt Disney portrayed it in the cartoon Trick or Care for and Ozzie and Harriet were besieged past trick-or-treaters on an episode of their television testify.^[13] At that fourth dimension UNICEF began what became an annual national campaign for children to raise funds for the clemency while trick-or-treating.^[xiv]

Today, in many towns and cities, play tricks-or-treaters are welcomed by lit porch lights and jack-o'-lanterns. In some large and/or crime-ridden areas, however, trick-or-treating is discouraged, or re-focused to staged trick-or-treating events within nearby shopping malls, in order to preclude potential acts of violence against fox-or-treaters. Even where law-breaking is not an consequence, many American towns have designated specific hours for trick-or-treating to discourage late-nighttime pull a fast one on-or-treating.

Games

In this Halloween greeting carte from 1904, divination is depicted: the young adult female looking into a mirror in a darkened room hopes to catch a glimpse of the face of her future husband.

At that place are several games traditionally associated with Halloween parties. A common 1 is dunking or apple bobbing, in which apples bladder in a tub of water; the participants must use their teeth to remove an apple. Another common game involves hanging upwards treacle or syrup-coated scones by strings; these must be eaten without using hands while they remain attached to the string, an activity that inevitably leads to a very sticky face up.

Some games traditionally played at Halloween are forms of divination. In Puicíní, a game played in Republic of ireland, a blindfolded person is seated in front of a table on which several saucers are placed. The saucers are shuffled, and the seated person and then chooses one by bear upon; the contents of the saucer make up one's mind the person's life during the following year. A traditional Irish gaelic and Scottish form of divining ane'south future spouse is to carve an apple in one long strip, then toss the peel over 1's shoulder. The skin is believed to land in the shape of the outset letter of the hereafter spouse's proper noun. This custom has survived among Irish and Scottish immigrants in the rural U.s.. Unmarried women were frequently told that if they sat in a darkened room and gazed into a mirror on Halloween night, the face of their future husband would announced in the mirror. Nevertheless, if they were destined to die before wedlock, a skull would appear. The custom was widespread plenty to be commemorated on greeting cards from the late-nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.

The telling of ghost stories and viewing of horror films are common fixtures of Halloween parties. Episodes of Idiot box series and specials with Halloween themes are commonly aired on or before the holiday, while new horror films are frequently released in theaters before the vacation to take reward of the atmosphere.

Foods

Because the holiday comes in the wake of the annual apple harvest, candy apples (also known as toffee, caramel or taffy apples) are a common Halloween treat made past rolling whole apples in a gluey sugar syrup, sometimes followed past rolling them in nuts.

Other foods associated with the holiday include processed corn; Báirín Breac (Republic of ireland); colcannon (Ireland); blaze toffee (Great britain); apple cider; cider; roasted sweetcorn; popcorn; roasted pumpkin seeds; pumpkin pie and pumpkin bread; "fun-sized" or individually wrapped pieces of minor candy, typically in Halloween colors of orange, and dark-brown/blackness; novelty processed shaped like skulls, pumpkins, bats, worms, and and then forth; minor bags of murphy chips, pretzels, and caramel corn; chocolates, caramels, and chewing mucilage; and basics.

Haunted attractions

Haunted attractions are entertainment venues designed to thrill and scare patrons; most are seasonal Halloween businesses. Common motifs for Halloween are settings resembling a cemetery, a haunted house, a infirmary, or a specific monster-driven theme built around famous creatures or characters.

Typical elements of decoration include jack-o'-lanterns, fake spiders and cobwebs, and artificial gravestones and coffins. Coffins can be built to contain bodies or skeletons, and are sometimes rigged with animatronic equipment and motion detectors so that they will spring open in reaction to passers-past. Eerie music and sound effects are oft played over loudspeakers to add together to the atmosphere. Haunts tin can likewise exist given a more "professional person" look, now that such items as fog machines and strobe lights have become available for more affordable prices at discount retailers. Some haunted houses issue flashlights with dying batteries to attendees to heighten the feeling of unease.

Commercialization

Commercialization of Halloween in the United States began mayhap with Halloween postcards (featuring hundreds of designs), which were almost pop betwixt 1905 and 1915. Dennison Manufacturing Company (which published its get-go Halloween catalog in 1909) and the Beistle Company were pioneers in commercially made Halloween decorations, particularly die-cut newspaper items. German manufacturers specialized in Halloween figurines that were exported to the United States in the menstruum between the 2 World Wars. Mass-produced Halloween costumes did not appear in stores until the 1930s.

Community Halloween political party in Frazier Park, California.

In the 1990s, many manufacturers began producing a larger variety of Halloween yard decorations; before this, the majority of decorations were homemade. Some of the well-nigh pop chiliad decorations are jack-o'-lanterns, scarecrows, witches, orangish string-lights; inflatable decorations such as spiders, pumpkins, mummies, vampires; and animatronic window and door decorations. Other pop decorations are foam tombstones and gargoyles.

Halloween is now the U.s.' second-almost popular holiday (after Christmas) for decorating; the auction of candy and costumes is also extremely common during the holiday, which is marketed to children and adults alike. Each year, pop costumes are dictated by diverse current events and pop-civilization icons. On many college campuses, Halloween is a major commemoration, with the Fri and Saturday nearest October 31 hosting many costume parties. Halloween costume parties provide an opportunity for adults to gather and socialize. Urban bars are frequented past people wearing Halloween masks and risqué costumes. Many bars and restaurants concord costume contests to attract customers to their establishments.

Several cities host Halloween parades. Anoka, Minnesota, the self-proclaimed "Halloween Capital letter of the World," celebrates the holiday with a large civic parade and several other city-wide events. Salem, Massachusetts, besides has laid claim to the "Halloween Majuscule" title, while trying to dissociate itself from its history of persecuting witchcraft. New York City hosts the U.s.a.' largest Halloween commemoration, started past Greenwich Village mask-maker Ralph Lee in 1973, the evening parade now attracts over two million spectators and participants, every bit well as roughly iv-million television viewers annually. It is the largest participatory parade in the land if not the world, encouraging spectators to march in the parade too.

Religious perspectives

In Northward America, Christian attitudes towards Halloween are quite diverse. In the Anglican Church, some dioceses have chosen to emphasize the Christian traditions of All Saints Day, while another Protestants celebrate the holiday equally Reformation Day, a 24-hour interval of remembrance and prayers for unity. Celtic Christians may have Samhain services:

Many aboriginal Celtic customs proved compatible with the new Christian religion. Christianity embraced the Celtic notions of family unit, community, the bond among all people, and respect for the expressionless. Throughout the centuries, pagan and Christian beliefs intertwine in a gallimaufry (hodgepodge) of celebrations from Oct 31 through November 5, all of which appear both to challenge the ascendancy of the dark and to revel in its mystery.^[fifteen]

Halloween celebrations are common among Roman Catholic parochial schools throughout North America and in Ireland. In fact, the Roman Catholic Church building sees Halloween as having a Christian connection.^[16] Father Gabriele Amorth, a Vatican-appointed exorcist in Rome, has said, "If English and American children like to clothes upwardly as witches and devils on 1 nighttime of the year that is not a problem. If it is just a game, in that location is no damage in that."^[17]

Near Christians hold the view that the tradition is far from being "satanic" in origin or practice, and that information technology holds no threat to the spiritual lives of children: being taught about decease and mortality, and the ways of the Celtic ancestors actually beingness a valuable life lesson and a function of many of their parishioners' heritage. Other Christians, primarily of the Evangelical and Fundamentalist multifariousness, are concerned nearly Halloween, and reject the holiday because they believe it trivializes (and celebrates) "the occult" and what they perceive as evil.

Many Christians accredit no negative significance to Halloween, treating information technology as a purely secular holiday devoted to celebrating "imaginary spooks" and handing out candy. Contemporary Protestant churches ofttimes view Halloween as a fun event for children, holding events in their churches where children and their parents can wearing apparel up, play games, and go candy.

Religions other than Christianity have varied views on Halloween. Some Wiccans feel that the tradition is offensive to "real witches" for promoting stereotypical caricatures of "wicked witches."

Halloween around the world

Halloween is not celebrated in all countries and regions of the world. For example, Halloween is not celebrated in Eastern Europe, although it is popular in many Western European nations. Where it is historic the traditions and importance of the celebration vary significantly from country to land.

The celebrations in the Us have had a significant impact on how the holiday is observed in other nations. In Japan, Germany, Italy, Spain, and some South American countries, Halloween has become pop in the context of American pop culture. Some Christians exercise not capeesh the resultant de-accent of the more spiritual aspects of All Hallows Eve and Reformation Day, respectively, or of regional festivals occurring around the same time (such as St Martin's Day or Guy Fawkes Night).

United Kingdom

A Halloween party in The United kingdom

England

In parts of northern England, there is a traditional festival called Mischief Night, which falls on Oct 30. During the commemoration, children play a range of "tricks" (ranging from pocket-sized to more serious) on adults. In recent years, such acts have occasionally escalated to farthermost vandalism, sometimes involving street fires.

Halloween celebrations in England were popularized in the tardily-twentieth century nether the pressure of American cultural influence, including a stream of films and television plan aimed at children and adolescents and the discovery by retail experts of a marketing opportunity to fill the empty space before Christmas. This led to the introduction of practices such as pumpkin carving and flim-flam-or-treat. In England and Wales, trick-or-treating occurs, although the practice is regarded by some as a nuisance, sometimes criminal.^[xviii]

Ireland

Snap-Apple Night by Daniel Maclise portrays a Halloween party in Blarney, Ireland, in 1832. The young children on the right bob for apples. A couple in the center play "Snap-Apple," which involves retrieving an apple hanging from a string.

Halloween is a significant event in Ireland where information technology is widely celebrated. Information technology is known in Irish as Oíche Shamhna, literally "Samhain Nighttime." The pre-Christian Celtic autumn festival, Samhain, "Cease of Summertime," was a pastoral and agricultural "fire festival" or banquet, when the expressionless revisited the mortal world and big communal bonfires would be lit to ward off evil spirits. Halloween was perceived every bit the night during which the sectionalisation between the earth of the living and the otherworld was blurred and so that spirits of the dead and inhabitants from the underworld were able to walk free on the earth.

On Halloween dark, adults and children dress up as creatures from the underworld (ghosts, ghouls, zombies, witches, and goblins), low-cal bonfires, and savor spectacular fireworks displays—in item, the city of Derry is habitation to the largest organized Halloween celebration on the island, in the form of a street carnival and fireworks display. Information technology is too common for fireworks to be fix off for the entire month preceding Halloween as well equally a few days after.

Houses are oftentimes adorned with pumpkins or turnips carved into scary faces; lights or candles are sometimes placed within the carvings, resulting in an eerie effect. The traditional Halloween cake in Ireland is the barmbrack, which is a fruit breadstuff. Games of divination are as well played at Halloween, only are becoming less popular

Scotland

In Scotland, folklore, including that of Halloween, revolves around the ancient Celtic belief in faeries (Sidhe, or Sith, in modern Gaelic). Children who ventured out carried a traditional lantern (samhnag) with a devil face carved into it to frighten away the evil spirits. Such Halloween lanterns were made from a turnip with a candle lit in the hollow inside. In modern times, however, such lanterns utilise pumpkins, as in North American traditions, possibly because it is easier to carve a face up into a pumpkin than into a turnip.

Houses were as well protected with the aforementioned candle lanterns. If the spirits got by the protection of the lanterns, the Scottish custom was to offer the spirits parcels of food to leave and spare the house some other twelvemonth. Children, likewise, were given the added protection by disguising them as such creatures in guild to alloy in with the spirits. If children approached the door of a house, they were also given offerings of food (Halloween being a harvest festival), which served to ward off the spirits. This is where the origin of the practise of Scottish "guising" (a give-and-take that comes from "disguising"), or going nigh in costume, arose. It is at present a key feature of the tradition of play a trick on-or-treating skillful in North America.

In modern-day Scotland, this old tradition survives, chiefly in the form of children going door to door "guising" in this way; that is, dressed in a disguise (often equally a witch, ghost, monster, or some other supernatural being) and offering amusement of various sorts. If the amusement is enjoyed, the children are rewarded with gifts of sweets, fruits, or money.

Pop games played on the holiday include "dooking" for apples (retrieving an apple from a bucket of water using only 1'south mouth). In some places, the game has been replaced (considering of fears of contracting saliva-borne illnesses in the water) past standing over the basin belongings a fork in ane's oral cavity and releasing it in an endeavor to skewer an apple using only gravity. Some other popular game is attempting to swallow, sometimes while blindfolded, a treacle or jam-coated scone on a piece of cord hanging from the ceiling, without using hands.

Wales

In Wales, Halloween is known equally Nos Calan Gaeaf (the beginning of the new winter. Spirits are said to walk around (as information technology is an Ysbrydnos, or "spirit dark"), and a "white lady" ghost is sometimes said to appear. Bonfires are lit on hillsides to mark the dark.

Mann

The Manx traditionally celebrate Hop-tu-Naa on October 31. This ancient Celtic tradition has parallels in Scottish and Irish gaelic traditions.

European Continent

Kingdom of denmark

In Denmark children will go trick-or-treating on Halloween, despite collecting candy from neighbors on Fastelavn, Danish carnival. Fastelavn evolved from the Roman Cosmic tradition of celebrating in the days before Lent, just after Denmark became a Protestant nation, the holiday became less specifically religious. This holiday occurs 7 weeks before Easter Sunday and is sometimes described as a Nordic Halloween, with children dressing up in costumes and gathering treats for the Fastelavn feast.

Italy

In the traditional civilization of some regions of Italian republic, peculiarly in the North of the country—populated by Celts before the arrive of Romans—there were until the last century traditions very like to Halloween. These involves beliefs about nocturnal visiting and processions of dead people and the use of preparing special biscuits and carving jack-o'-lanterns. These traditions were vanishing when the feast of Halloween arrived in a new class from America.

Kingdom of the netherlands

Halloween has get increasingly popular in The Netherlands since the early on 1990s. From early on October, stores are total of merchandising related to the popular Halloween themes. Students and little children dress upward on Halloween for parties and small parades. Play a joke on-or-treating is highly uncommon, however, because this directly interferes with the Dutch tradition of celebrating Saint Martin's 24-hour interval. On November eleven, Dutch children ring doorbells hoping to receive a small treat in return for singing a short song dedicated to St. Martin.

Sweden

In Sweden All Hallows Eve (All Saint's Nighttime, Alla Helgons Natt) is a Christian, public vacation which ever falls on the first Saturday in November. It is about lighting candles at graves and remembering the dead. Swedes also go fox-or-treating on Maundy Thursday.

Other regions

The children of the largest boondocks in Bonaire, of the Netherlands Antilles, get together together on Halloween twenty-four hour period.

Carribean

The Island Territory of Bonaire is ane of v islands of the Netherlands Antilles, appropriately a part of the Holland. As such, customs found in Europe likewise as the United States are common, including the commemoration of Halloween. Children often dress upwards in costume for play tricks-or-treating expecting to receive processed.

Mexico

Halloween piñatas and other decorations for auction at the Jamaica Market place in Mexico Urban center.

In United mexican states, Halloween has been celebrated since the 1960s. At that place, celebrations accept been influenced by the American traditions, such as the costuming of children who visit the houses of their neighborhood in search of candy. Though the "trick-or-treat" motif is used, tricks are non more often than not played on residents not providing processed. Older crowds of preteens, teenagers and adults will sometimes organize Halloween-themed parties, which might exist scheduled on the nearest bachelor weekend. Unremarkably kids end by at peoples' houses, knock on their door or the ring the bong and say "¡Noche de Brujas, Halloween!" ('Witches' Night—Halloween!') or "¡Queremos Haloween!" (We want Halloween!). The second phrase is more commonly used amid children, the afirmation of "We desire Halloween" means "We want candy."

Halloween in Mexico begins three days of consecutive holidays, as it is followed past All Saints' Twenty-four hour period, which also marks the beginning of the two day celebration of the Day of the Dead or the Día de los Muertos. This might account for the initial explanations of the holiday having a traditional Mexican-Catholic camber.

Notes

1. ↑ Nicholas Rogers, "Samhain and the Celtic Origins of Halloween," Halloween: From Pagan Ritual to Party Night. (New York: Oxford University Press, 2002), 11-21.
2. ↑ John Simpson and Edmund Weiner, (eds.) Oxford English Dictionary, second edition (London, UK: Oxford Academy Press, 1989, ISBN 0198611862)
3. ↑ By Premier Star Co., History of the Jack O'Lantern, Pumpkin Nook, 2008. Retrieved February 23, 2009.
4. ↑ Act 2, Scene 1.
5. ↑ Ruth Edna Kelley. The Book of Hallowe'en. (1919), (reprint Echo Library, 2008, ISBN 978-1406875720).
6. ↑ For examples, see the websites Postcard & Greeting Card Museum: Halloween Gallery, Antique Hallowe'en Postcards, Vintage Halloween Postcards, and Morticia'south Morgue Antique Halloween Postcards. Retrieved February 23, 2009.
7. ↑ Nicholas Rogers. Halloween: From Infidel Ritual to Political party Dark. (Oxford University Press, 2002, ISBN 0195146913), 76.
8. ↑ Theo. E. Wright, "A Halloween Story," St. Nicholas (magazine) (October 1915), 1144; Mae McGuire Telford, "What Shall We Practise Halloween?" Ladies Home Journal (October 1920): 135.
9. ↑ "'Trick or Treat' Is Demand," Herald, Lethbridge, Alberta, November 4, 1927, 5.
10. ↑ "Halloween Pranks Keep Police on Hop," Oregon Journal Portland, Oregon, November ane, 1934; "The Gangsters of Tomorrow," The Helena Independent, Helena, Montana, November two, 1934, 4.
11. ↑ Doris Hudson Moss, "A Victim of the Window-Soaping Brigade?" The American Home (Nov 1939): 48.
12. ↑ The Baby Snooks Show, November 1, 1946, and The Jack Benny Show, October 31, 1948, both originating from NBC Radio City in Hollywood; and The Adventures of Ozzie and Harriet, Oct 31, 1948, originating from CBS Columbia Square in Hollywood.
13. ↑ "Halloween Political party," The Adventures of Ozzie & Harriet, Oct. 31, 1952. Retrieved February 23, 2009.
14. ↑ "A Barrel of Fun for Halloween Night," Parents Mag, October 1953, 140. "They're Changing Halloween from a Pest to a Projection," The Sabbatum Evening Mail service (Oct 12, 1957): 10.
15. ↑ "Banquet of Samhain/Celtic New Year/Celebration of All Celtic Saints November 1," All Saints Parish. Retrieved February 21, 2009.
16. ↑ Halloween'due south Christian Roots AmericanCatholic.org. Retrieved February 23, 2009.
17. ↑ Gyles Brandreth, The Devil is gaining ground The Sun Telegraph London, March 11, 2000. Retrieved February 23, 2009.
18. ↑ "Fines for Halloween troublemakers" BBC News, November 28, 2006. Retrieved February 21, 2009.

References

ISBN links back up NWE through referral fees

• Arkins, Diane C. Halloween: Romantic Art and Community of Yesteryear. Pelican Publishing Company, 2000. ISBN 1565547128
• Arkins, Diane C. Halloween Merrymaking: An Illustrated Commemoration Of Fun, Food, And Frolics From Halloweens By. Pelican Publishing Company, 2004. ISBN 158980113X
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• Bannatyne, Lesley. A Halloween Reader. Stories, Poems and Plays from Halloweens Past. Pelican Publishing Visitor, 2004. ISBN 1589801768
• Galembo, Phyllis. Dressed for Thrills: 100 Years of Halloween Costumes and Masquerade, Harry N. Abrams, Inc., 2002. ISBN 0810932911
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• Rogers, Nicholas. Halloween: From Pagan Ritual to Party Night. Oxford University Press, 2002. ISBN 0195146913
• Santino, Jack (ed.). Halloween and Other Festivals of Death and Life. University of Tennessee Press, 1994. ISBN 0870498134
• Skal, David J. Death Makes A Holiday: A Cultural History of Halloween. Bloomsbury USA, 2003. ISBN 1582343055
• Truwe, Ben. The Halloween Catalog Collection. Portland, OR: Talky Tina Press, 2003. ISBN 0970344856

Holidays, Observances, and Celebrations in the Usa of America
April Fools' 24-hour interval • Arbor Day • Children'south Day • Christmas Day • Christmas Eve • Cinco de Mayo • Columbus Day Globe Day • Easter • Ballot Day • Male parent'due south Day • Flag Solar day • Fourth of July Groundhog Day • Grandparent's Solar day • Halloween • Juneteenth • Kwanzaa • Labor Solar day • Lincoln'due south Altogether Martin Luther King, Jr. Solar day • Mardi Gras • May Day • Memorial 24-hour interval • Female parent'due south Day New year's day's 24-hour interval • Patriot's Day • Presidents Mean solar day • St. Patrick'south 24-hour interval • Super Bowl Sunday • Thanksgiving Valentine's Day • Veterans Day • Washington's Birthday • Yom Kippur

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• Halloween ^history
• Halloween_around_the_world ^history
• Fob-or-treating ^history

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• History of "Halloween"

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